Una fotografia per ingannare la morte

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A chi, in genere, ci si rivolge in caso di dipartita della persona amata? Al medico? Al becchino? In epoca vittoriana si era soliti chiamare il fotografo! Certo, non tutti potevano permettersi questo lusso, retaggio di pochi ed abbienti personaggi. All’arrivo dell’artista si allestiva in casa una vera e propria scenografia, si truccava il caro estinto, agghindandolo coi suoi abiti migliori e gli si conferiva la più naturale delle pose, o almeno si provava.

postmortem-cultstoriesLa pratica della fotografia post mortem nasce nell’ambito della ritrattistica, prima che la dagherrotipia facesse il suo ingresso nel campo delle arti, rivoluzionandole completamente. Ritrattisti illustri erano, ad esempio, Picasso, Monet e Gauguin. Con l’avvento della fotografia, questa macabra usanza divenne più ricorrente, ma, se all’inizio si usava raffigurare il defunto adagiato su un letto o in una bara, col tempo i committenti chiedevano all’artista di ritrarre il soggetto come se questi scoppiasse di salute, addormentato magari, o addirittura impegnato in pose tipiche di una persona.. viva.

Questa insolita richiesta tradiva forse il desiderio di esorcizzare la morte, o di staccarsi dall’amato il più tardi possibile. O  mai, grazie all’illusione di un’immagine da portare sempre con sé. Nel 1800 il tasso di mortalità, soprattutto tra gli infanti, era molto alto: i soggetti più comuni erano infatti bambini e neonati.

Victorian post mortem family portrait cultstories L’aspetto più inquietante è legato al fatto che, attorno al defunto, si adunavano gli stessi parenti in una sorta di ritratto di famiglia. 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L’aspetto più inquietante è legato al fatto che, attorno al defunto, si adunavano gli stessi parenti in una sorta di ritratto di famiglia: una mano attorno alle spalle, un accenno di sorriso, sguardi d’intesa, come se quella scena fosse fra le più naturali dentro le mura domestiche.

Ci si chiede, vedendo queste immagini, come i morti riuscissero a sembrare vivi. I ritrattisti vittoriani non avevano nulla da invidiare ai contemporanei truccatori cinematografici. Gli occhi del defunto non riuscivano a rimanere aperti? Nessun problema, bastava dipingere sopra le palpebre chiuse. Il corpo non ne voleva sapere di rimanere in piedi? Ecco che venne creato una sorta di ‘leggìo’ che lo reggeva da dietro. Il risultato è quello di non riuscire ad identificare quale, tra le persone immortalate nella foto, sia quella che ha smesso per sempre di respirare.

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Per quanto oggigiorno questa tradizione possa sembrare raccapricciante, viene tuttora praticata in alcune regioni del mondo come l’Europa dell’est, sebbene sia stata spogliata del suo aspetto più scenografico, poiché si limita a rappresentare le spoglie nella loro reale condizione, ossia adagiate in un feretro. Nei cimiteri di quelle aree non è raro imbattersi in lapidi su cui troneggiano queste singolari effigi.

(A.C.)

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scritto da:

Annachiara Chezzi

Laureata in Scienze della Comunicazione e specializzata in Gestione delle Attività Turistiche e Culturali, è creatrice ed articolista di Cult Stories. La sua innata curiosità la spinge a non accontentarsi di nuotare in superficie e a voler approfondire gli argomenti che tratta.

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Scrivi all'autore: Annachiara Chezzi